You meet the two instruments you will use in every lab from now on. The Keysight 33210A/33220A function generator makes sine, square and triangle waves; the DSO-X 3012A oscilloscope draws voltage against time. Along the way you find out why the generator’s display can be off by a factor of two, what RMS really means, and how triggering turns a blur into a steady picture.
Inside the generator is an ideal source Vs in series with 50 Ω. Together with your load RL that forms a voltage divider. The generator assumes RL = 50 Ω, so to show “1 V” it actually makes Vs = 2 V and expects half to be lost inside. It never measures its output: the display is just the setting. Slide the load and compare the display with the truth.
RMS (root-mean-square) is the “heating value” of a wave: the DC voltage that would heat a resistor the same amount. Recipe: square the wave (orange, always positive), take the mean (dashed line), then the square root. Change the shape, duty cycle and symmetry to see RMS change even when the peak-to-peak stays the same.
For the lab, 1 Vpp across the 51 Ω load: sine ≈ 0.354 Vrms, 50% square = 0.500 Vrms. The DMM reads RMS (in AC mode), so that is what you compare.
The scope input is 1 MΩ, which would load many circuits. The probe adds a 9 MΩ resistor in its tip, making 10 MΩ total, but that also divides the signal by 10. The scope senses the 10:1 probe and multiplies every reading by 10, so you never notice. Check the Channels panel says 10.0:1 after Default Setup.
Same 50 Ω story: the probe is 10 MΩ, nothing like 50 Ω, so the full 2 Vpp from Vs reaches the scope. That is your answer to Question 5.
The small knob under a channel slides the trace up and down (the ground marker moves with it). The big knob changes V/div. In the horizontal section the big knob is time/div and the small one moves the trigger point (solid orange triangle) away from the time reference (hollow triangle).
Both probe ground clips connect to each other and to earth ground inside the scope. Never clip one to a point that isn’t ground: you would short it to ground.
The scope redraws the screen thousands of times a second. Triggering makes every redraw start at the same point of the wave: when the trigger source crosses the trigger level on the chosen slope. Line those starts up and repeated sweeps overlap perfectly. CH1 is the scope’s 1 kHz probe-comp square wave; CH2 is your generator’s sine. Try the controls.
.tran 3ms simulates 3 ms of a 0.5 V peak, 1 kHz sine across a resistor. Multiply voltage by current to get power: V(n001)*I(R1). The power wave runs at twice the frequency and never goes negative, because a resistor can only absorb energy.